Practices of using generative artificial intelligence in general secondary education institutions in european countries

- Іванюк, І.В. (orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-785X) and Паращенко, Л.І. (orcid.org/0000-0003-0613-2998) (2026) Practices of using generative artificial intelligence in general secondary education institutions in european countries Ukrainian Educational Journal, 1. pp. 82-94. ISSN 2411-1317

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Abstract

The article summarizes European practices of using generative artificial intelligence in general secondary education institutions, drawing on a comparative analysis of national recommendations and school-level policies in five EU countries (Austria, Germany, Italy, Portugal, and France). The study aims to identify shared approaches to regulating GenAI at the macro level (national frameworks), the meso level (institutional rules), and the micro level (lesson and task scenarios). The methodology combines content analysis of guidance issued by education authorities with analysis of publicly available regulations from ten schools, and a comparative review of subject practices in language and literature, social studies, and natural sciences for grades 5–9 and 10–11/12. Findings indicate that GenAI is positioned mainly as a support tool for lesson planning, differentiation, generating learning materials, and formative assessment; however, its use is governed by data protection, age appropriateness, and academic integrity requirements. At the meso level, common rules emphasize transparency (disclosure of AI assistance, keeping prompts or drafts), restrictions during summative assessments, and mandatory fact-checking with references. At the micro level, the most typical classroom scenarios focus on generating alternatives (ideas, questions, outlines), detecting and correcting errors, producing counterarguments, explaining concepts at different levels of complexity, and developing critical reading skills. The article also highlights tasks where assessment targets not only the final product but the learning process (oral defense, reflection, and documented revisions). The results can inform updates to national regulations and the revision of local school policies in other education systems seeking safe and pedagogically sound GenAI integration. Future research should test scenario effectiveness and design indicators for process-based assessment with GenAI in real classes.

Item Type:	Article
Keywords:	generative artificial intelligence; general secondary education; general secondary education institution; European educational practices; academic integrity; comparative analysis
Subjects:	Science and knowledge. Organization. Computer science. Information. Documentation. Librarianship. Institutions. Publications > 00 Prolegomena. Fundamentals of knowledge and culture. Propaedeutics > 004 Computer science and technology. Computing. Data processing > 004.9 Application-oriented computer-based techniques Science and knowledge. Organization. Computer science. Information. Documentation. Librarianship. Institutions. Publications > 3 Social Sciences > 37 Education > 37.01/.09 Special auxiliary table for theory, principles, methods and organization of education > 37.09 Organization of instruction Science and knowledge. Organization. Computer science. Information. Documentation. Librarianship. Institutions. Publications > 3 Social Sciences > 37 Education > 373 Kinds of school providing general education
Divisions:	Institute for Digitalisation of Education > Comparative Studies for Department Information and Educational Innovations
Depositing User:	науковий співробітник І.В. Іванюк
Date Deposited:	01 May 2026 09:26
Last Modified:	01 May 2026 09:26
URI:	https://lib.iitta.gov.ua/id/eprint/749024

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