Methodological foundations of psychological investigations

- Папуча, М.В. (orcid.org/0000-0001-5264-3241) (2020) Methodological foundations of psychological investigations Актуальні проблеми психології. Методологія і теорія психології, 3 (14). pp. 185-194. ISSN 2072-4772

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Abstract

The article proves that the greatest and the most actual problem of modern psychology is separation of current empirical researches from their theoretical foundations. It is argued that a theory must be the systemic, that is included in the system of modern sciences, leaning on scientific accomplishments; it must work as some kind of transitional bridge between theorethical-methodological constructs and specific psychological researches. It is underlined that every phenomenon will be adequately understood, if we will begin to examine its dynamics, as organic part of this motion. Historical-genetic view of any psychological phenomenon and of personality psychology in particular is the most important methodological requirement of every psychological research. Analysis in psychology, as well as in any other science, must not only describe but also find objectively existing determinants, factors and sources, that result in emergence of certain phenomenon and determine its further development. Proper analysis shouldn’t go beyond psychology domain; it is capable to take into account various phenomena of non-psychological nature as relevant to research subject, but can’t override them via stealthy substitution of notions. The main reason of reduction in modern psychology is that real researches are often being «shifted» from their own psychological object. Necessity to perform special psychological analysis of artefacts makes a substantial methodological position for this matter. L. Vygotsky proved and defined that psychical is determined by psychical, because necessities and motives are specifically psychological phenomena. Other factors (social, spiritual, biological) undoubtedly interact with necessities, but never determine them. Real psychological determination turns out: influence of the whole (psyche) on its every component part. Substantial condition here is appropriation of cultural experience, mediated by co-operation with other people.

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