- Лукомська, Світлана Олексіївна (orcid.org/0000-0002-0360-6484) (2018) The stress-related and trauma related disorders: an integrative approach Актуальні проблеми психології, 1 (14). pp. 187-198. ISSN 2072-4772
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Abstract
Traumatic life events are common among persons. In recent years there has been a growing awarenessof the importance of trauma in shaping the course ofpeople's lives. Restoring social and behavioral functioning after disasters and situations of masscasualty has been extensively explored overthe last few decades. According to classical conditioning theory, the traumatic event serves as an unconditioned stimulus that evokes an immediate and "hardwired" response from the organism (unconditioned response).Physiological activation during stressful events may play a central role in the pathogenesis of illness. No evidence–based consensus has been reached to date with regard toeffective interventions for use in the immediate and the post mass traumaphases. Because a traumatic or highly stressful event often causes profound changes in a person's outlook, often stays highly accessible for years, and often comes to mind spontaneously in response to internal and external cues, it may be perceived as a major causal agent and thus as a highly salient turning point in the person's life. However, at the same time, having a trauma as a salient turning point in the life story may lead to oversimplifications. It may cause the person to focus on those aspects of his or her current life conditions that can be explained by reference to the trauma, and to ignore aspects that defy such causal attributions.Weidentified five empirically supported intervention principles that should be usedto guide and inform intervention and prevention efforts at the early to stages: a sense of safety, calming, a sense of self– andcommunity efficacy, connectedness,hope. Scarcity of available resources, inequities in their distribution, and inefficiencies in their use pose the three main obstacles to better mental health, especially in low-income and middle-income countries.
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