Environmental factors within the social model of understanding special needs

- Литовченко, С.В. (orcid.org/0000-0003-0001-4667) and Литовченко, В.П. (orcid.org/0000-0003-1869-6168) (2022) Environmental factors within the social model of understanding special needs Особлива дитина: навчання і виховання, 4 (108). pp. 27-39. ISSN 2312-2781

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Abstract

At the current stage, progressive changes in education are taking place in Ukraine, in particular, new approaches have been developed to define categories (typologies) of educational difficulties in children with special educational needs and criteria for levels of support in educational institutions. It is time to abandon reliance on categories of violations, instead, first of all, take into account the individual characteristics of development, the needs of each child and its potential, as well as "environmental factors" that affect the entire course of the child's development. The relevance of the problem determines the purpose of the research - to present modern ideas about special needs, to characterize environmental factors in education, their impact on the development and learning of children with hearing impairments, to determine important changes in the organization of the educational process for children with hearing impairments in wartime conditions. The methods of theoretical analysis of modern research presented in scientific publications included in the scientometric databases Index Copernicus, Ulrich's Periodicals, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, etc. were used; a survey of directors and teachers of special institutions in which children with hearing impairments study was conducted (Google forms). The essence of the concept of "environmental factors" has been clarified as factors that create the physical and social environment of a person, can relate to attitudes and values, normative documents, the service system, the use of technologies, educational methods and materials, etc. Two groups of environmental factors in the education of children with hearing impairment have been identified, namely: factors affecting the entire course of the child's development (early diagnosis of the disorder, early intervention, optimal hearing aids, support of an interdisciplinary team of specialists, etc.); factors influencing at the moment (how exactly the environment in which the child will or already studies is arranged, to what extent his needs are taken into account). According to the results of the survey of pedagogical workers, changes in the organization of the educational process were revealed, which are important in the conditions of martial law.

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