The psychological factors of the development of personality altruistic orientation

- Лагун, М.В. (orcid.org/0009-0006-3686-4478) (2025) The psychological factors of the development of personality altruistic orientation Masters thesis, Інститут психології імені Г. С. Костюка.

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Abstract

Lahun M.V. The psychological factors of the development of personality altruistic orientation. – Qualifying scientific work with the rights of a manuscript. The thesis for the PhD degree, in the field of knowledge 05 – social and behavioral sciences, specialty 053 – psychology. – G. S. Kostyuk Institute of Psychology, NAES of Ukraine. – Kyiv, 2025. The dissertation research is devoted to studying the problem of the altruistic orientation of the personality and determining the psychological factors of its development. The paper provides a theoretical generalization of psychological aspects, substantiation of a new view on solving the problem of developing an altruistic personality, identifies methodological approaches to diagnostics, presents the results of an empirical study and a comprehensive program of psychological assistance to the development of an altruistic personality. The concept of our research is that the altruistic orientation of a person is a complex phenomenon: 1) functioning as a multi-level intrapsychic system of multi-level parameters of a person, reflecting the level of his moral and spiritual development; 2) the dynamics of which development depends on a complex of psychological factors related to the motivational, value-semantic and other spheres of the person; 3) which forms the main vector of human behavior and his attitude towards the world around him; 4) which is the prerogative of a psychologically mature individual with a formed motivational sphere and a developed system of moral values, an actualized natural aspiration for self-realization, the realization of one's own internal potential, internal resources and capabilities, which together contributes to the harmonious, positive functioning and psychological well-being of the individual. Based on the analysis of scientific concepts of personality orientation by Z. Karpenko, G. Kostiuk, S. Maksymenko, concepts of humanistic, altruistic orientation of personality I. Bekh, M. Boryshevskyi, and theories of personality motivation by K. Alderfer, H. Heckhausen, A. Maslow, D. McClelland, a component model of altruistic personality orientation is developed. It has been established that the components of altruistic orientation are: higher socio-psychological needs and a system of dominant motives, which includes: interests, aspirations, beliefs, ideals, attitudes, value orientations, life goals and worldview of the individual. It is substantiated that the components of altruistic orientation are the highest regulators of behaviour, which are formed and developed under the influence of the socio-cultural micro and macro environment, in the process of upbringing, education and active work of the individual, his or her moral and spiritual growth, which involves an awareness of self-worth in an indivisible connection with the awareness of the importance of other people. Based on the scientific views and concepts of self-actualisation by A. Maslow, self-activity of M. Boryshevskyi, self-creation of L. Serdiuk, self-design of N. Chepelieva, professional self-realisation of O. Kokun, resilience of O. Chykhantsova, individual values of I. Bekh, M. Boryshevskyi, M. Rokich, M. Savchyn, S. Schwartz, psychological well-being of C. Ryff, positive psychology of M. Csikszentmihalyi, K. Peterson, M. Seligman and positive psychotherapy of E. Desi, N. Pezeshkian, and R. Ryan, a model of altruistic behaviour of a personality has been developed and substantiated, which includes the following psychological factors: components of altruistic orientation related to the need-motivational sphere, autonomy, the desire for self-actualisation, value orientations, empathy, life goals, self attitude, and personal qualities. This model reflects a set of stable positive personality traits, the development of which, as a result of the process of self-improvement and self-development, contributes to the achievement of psychological well-being. Based on the results of the empirical study, the article identifies the peculiarities of the relationship between personal characteristics and altruism and establishes that the psychological factors of altruistic orientation, which indicate the presence of a person's developed moral consciousness and self-awareness, are the desire for self actualisation, life goals, autonomy, self-acceptance, values and personal qualities. It is determined that altruistic orientation is related to: universal humanistic values that reflect the level of self-awareness of the individual in the context of his/her interaction with the outside world – benevolence, universalism, care for others, care for the environment; individual values that reflect the life experience of a person on which he/she relies when solving important life tasks – responsibility, autonomy, independence; primary relevant abilities that determine a person's emotional reactions in relation to themselves and others – contacts, trust, tenderness/sexuality, hope; secondary relevant abilities that reflect a person's ability to succeed in their activities, the ability to comply with social norms and establish quality relationships with others – loyalty, justice, openness, diligence, commitment. It is proved that the predictors that have the greatest influence in the predictive model of altruistic orientation of a person are trust, responsibility, self-acceptance and benevolence, and it is determined that self-acceptance is the most significant for predicting the altruism of the subjects. This personality quality has the greatest influence on predicting the development of altruistic orientation. It has been found that all components of psychological well-being have a fairly strong positive relationship with altruism, and altruistic behaviour has a positive impact on psychological well-being not only on the personality of the beneficiary – the recipient of assistance, but also directly on the personality of the altruist and even on outside observers. Based on the analysis of the results of the empirical study, it was found that the average level of altruism development has the most significant relationship with such personal aspects as self-acceptance, autonomy, life goals, moral values, personal qualities, and psychological well-being. At the same time, the relationship with such individual values and qualities (abilities) as justice, interdependence, solitude, politeness, obedience, conformism, hedonism, and power is less pronounced, as their overdevelopment can have a negative impact on the purity of the altruistic motive. Taking into account these features, it was found that the average level of development of altruistic orientation is the most optimal, since it has a fairly strong connection with the positive properties and psychological well-being of the individual. The psychological portrait of an altruistically oriented personality is defined, characterised by a high level of development of self-acceptance, personal autonomy, the presence of meaningful goals in life, the ability to establish friendly relationships with others based on trust, compassionate love, selfless altruistic behaviour that goes beyond basic human social norms, a sense of justice, hyperbolic social responsibility, moral conscience or a sense of duty, which may have a negative impact on the motive for an altruistic act. The results of the study are the basis for the development of a comprehensive programme of psychological support for the development of altruistic orientation of the individual, based on the provisions of humanistic and axiological psychology. The programme consists of three blocks: 1) an information block in the form of mini-lectures and group discussions; 2) personality-oriented training that combines various psychological technologies and methods of a continuous process of personal development, which ensure the main objectives of the programme: disclosure of one's own individuality; activation of a value-based attitude towards oneself and others; comprehension of one's own needs and awareness of the motives of one's behaviour; development of positive personality functioning – self-knowledge, self-acceptance, autonomy, meaningfulness of life goals, internalisation of moral and spiritual values. To verify the effectiveness of the programme, the dynamics of changes in the indicators of the development of altruistic personality, which are indicators of personal changes that occurred as a result of psychological and psychotherapeutic influence, was analysed. The analysis of the severity of the indicators before and after the training showed that in the experimental group, compared to the control group, there was an increase in the quantitative data of positive personal characteristics and a balancing of the level of altruism. On the basis of correlation analysis, the dynamics of changes in the experimental group was determined, which allowed us to conclude that the developed training programme for psychological promotion of altruistic orientation is indeed valid and effective in all personal parameters and levels of D. Kirkpatrick's training programme for assessing the effectiveness of the training programme. The testing of the programme has shown its high efficiency and expediency of use. The scientific novelty of the study are: for the first time, a systematic consideration of altruistic orientation as an intrapsychic formation was carried out; a model of altruistic orientation of a personality and a model of altruistic behaviour of a personality were developed; psychological factors and predictors of the development of altruistic orientation of a personality were determined; scientific ideas about the psychological content, structure and psychological factors of the development of altruistic orientation of a personality are supplemented; it is proved that the development of altruistic orientation depends on the actualisation of internal resources of a personality, their development and improvement, which contributes to self-actualisation, achievement of self-realisation and psychological well-being of a personality; the substantiation of ways and means of developing altruistic orientation of a personality is further developed. Thе thеorеtіcаllу sіgnіfіcаnt studу rеsults іncludеd: disclosure of the essence of the altruistic orientation of a personality and substantiation of an integrated approach to the development of altruistic orientation, which functions as an integral formation in the structure of a personality; development of a model of altruistic orientation of a personality and a model of altruistic behaviour of a personality; to determine the complex of interrelated psychological factors of development of altruistic orientation of a personality, which become an effective means of self-realisation and contribute to the psychological well-being of a personality; to determine the optimal level of development of altruism, which ensures positive functioning of a personality; to develop a psychological portrait of an altruistically oriented personality. Thе рrаctіcаllу sіgnіfіcаnt studу rеsults іncludеd: substantiation of technologies for studying the altruistic orientation of a personality; determination of methodological tools for its diagnosis and development; development of means that promote awareness of the intentions of altruistic behaviour and the development of «healthy altruism»; development of a comprehensive programme of psychological support for the development of altruistic orientation, which can be used in the practice of various psychological services to prevent negative psychological states, forms of personal deformation and uncertainty, emotional burnout, destructive and stereotypical thinking. The provisions of the dissertation and the results of the study can be used by practical psychologists, active psychotherapists and social workers in the educational process in the development of training courses in psychological counselling and the basics of psychotherapy, correctional and therapeutic programmes to promote psychological well-being, development of self-awareness, stress resistance and resilience, formation of self-determined behaviour, growth of self-realisation of the individual, as well as prevention of professional burnout, overcoming problems of personal uncertainty, subjective feeling of decreased self-worth and value of life.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Keywords:	personality, altruistic orientation, altruistic behavior, psychological factors, personal resources, personal characteristics, mental health, psychological health, psychological well-being, personal qualities, humanistic values, psychotherapy, primary actual capacities, secondary actual capacities, moral and spiritual development, self-realization, self-actualization, personally-oriented training.
Subjects:	Science and knowledge. Organization. Computer science. Information. Documentation. Librarianship. Institutions. Publications > 1 Philosophy. Psychology
Divisions:	Institute of Psychology after N.Kostiuk > P. Chamata department of personality psychology
Depositing User:	Марія Лагун
Date Deposited:	20 Nov 2025 09:41
Last Modified:	20 Nov 2025 09:41
URI:	https://lib.iitta.gov.ua/id/eprint/747242

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