- Римаренко, Сергій (orcid.org/0000-0002-8031-5787) (2024) State and Nation: Squaring the Circle Регіональні студії (36). pp. 152-156. ISSN 2663-6107
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Abstract
The main contradiction here is that the nation and the state have not only their own specific features, character, rights, interests, etc., but also common ones. Moreover, the latter are so closely intertwined that sometimes it is almost impossible to understand where one begins and the other ends. However, it is extremely important to do this not only from a theoretical, but also primarily from a political and practical application. Some states were formed long before the emergence of nations, but there are many nations much "older" than most modern states. A state can, after all, exist without a nation, just as a nation can exist without a state. One state can include several nations, at the same time, a nation can be divided between different states. A nation can constitute the majority of the population in a particular state, but it can also be a minority. Such paradoxes complicate understanding the essence and nature of the relationship between a nation and a state, contain certain contradictions and carry the seeds of possible conflicts. Therefore, perhaps the most optimal approach to this issue is to refuse to absolutize both the role of the state and the nation in the social process. Both the nation and the state are subjects of law, and their rights are based on the same basis - the territorial principle. However, if for the state this is the only possible and acceptable basis, then for the nation this principle is clearly insufficient and cannot always be used (for example, it is not suitable for dispersed peoples) and is sometimes fraught with negative consequences. The state is a subject of law from the moment of its birth. It has the right to issue laws, administer justice, ensure security, etc. The nation by its nature is not such a subject; its rights are much narrower. However, it constantly tries to expand them, which serves as one of the sources of confrontation and antagonism between the nation and the state. Moreover, in a polyethnic state the nation plays a dual role. On the one hand, it is a subject of political processes, and on the other hand, an object of state policy. As the latter, a nation is inclined to integration with other nations, without which the territorial integrity of the state, the stability of the political regime, the successful resolution of economic, political, social and other problems that constitute the essence of centripetal tendencies are impossible. As a subject of law, a nation, based on its own understanding, tries to provide itself with favorable conditions for existence, which is the basis of centrifugal tendencies. Thus, the contradictions between the nation and the state, the dual position of the nation are generated by no less contradictory, but objective tendencies - centripetal and centrifugal, the means of balancing which depends primarily on the nature of the political system of the state. In multinational states, the rivalry between the nation and the state often leads to confrontation and struggle of nations among themselves. This struggle unfolds either for whose status as a subject of law will be higher.
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