- Шевченко, Світлана Миколаївна (orcid.org/0000-0002-0432-8893) (2023) The educational and pedagogical activities of Yuri Fedkovych (1834-1888) or today's momentaries... "Science and technology today" ("Pedagogy" series, "Law" series, "Economics" series, "Physical and mathematical sciences" series, "Technics" series), 3 (17). pp. 472-481. ISSN 2786-6025
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Abstract
The article examines the educational and pedagogical activity of the outstanding Ukrainian writer Yuriy Fedkovich; his formation as a teacher is shown; the educational and national position of the educator is revealed; the results of the analysis of the scientist's works from the standpoint of a pedagogical and national nature are presented. The relevance of the problem in this direction is substantiated and it is proven that the outstanding educator, writer, pedagogue, true patriot of his Motherland served the Ukrainian national idea all his life, saw in it a single goal. It was found that the educational activity and tireless, creative work of Yury Fedkovich was aimed at enriching the culture and education of the Ukrainian people. It was established that Y. Fedkovich was a follower of T. Shevchenko's ideas. It is proved that the main task of his work was the preservation of national traditions, the development of the native language and culture, the establishment of a sense of national self-awareness, and the enrichment of the spiritual arsenal of the Ukrainian people with the achievements of world civilization. It was determined that the writer, teacher, outstanding educator fought for national education, cared for the preservation of the Ukrainian language; called to build a native school and a national education system with one's mind and one's own hands, showing public activity at the same time. The writer sought to reorganize the backward education system existing at that time in Bukovina in accordance with the needs of the Ukrainian nation and the requirements of advanced pedagogical thought. Dyach gave speeches at district teachers' conferences, where he proposed a new curriculum, which provided for a wide humanitarian and naturalistic change in school books from etymological spelling to phonetic. Yu. Fedkovich paid special attention to the elementary school, which laid the foundation of national education and education of students. It has been proven that a special event of the time was the creation of the «Primer for household children in Bukovyna» by Y. Fedkovych, and in 1857 it became a significant milestone in the history of Ukrainian primers. At that time, in Bukovina, unlike all previous ones, it was written in the Ukrainian language using phonetic spelling and adopted by the Ukrainian national spirit. It is noted that in the primer, after elementary information about the language and its composition, simple, understandable for children, short stories were included, in which the teacher's work was told. It was revealed that its pedagogical basis was folk pedagogy and the achievements of pedagogical science, namely: saturated with folklore, diverse didactic material aimed at mastering literacy and ensuring mental and spiritual development of students, and the struggle for the creation of a Ukrainian national school with the native language of instruction was the leading goal of Yu. Fedkovich's pedagogical activity.
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