- Загородня, Алла Анатоліївна (orcid.org/0000-0003-2418-1670) (2022) On the question of social and anthropological ideas of education and education of personality in the second half of the 19th century Perspectives and innovations of science (Series "Pedagogy", Series "Psychology", Series "Medicine"), 10 (15). pp. 132-143. ISSN 2786-4952
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Abstract
The article analyzes the socio-anthropological ideas of education and personal training in the second half of the 19th century. It was determined that one of the most important tasks, on which the further development of our country directly depends, is the education of the younger generation and the formation of a comprehensively developed personality, which requires a special organization of education aimed at the formation of creative thinking, initiative and independence, creative abilities, social and moral qualities, the ability to work and learn throughout life. The statement of the problem is outlined, which requires a complex solution not only by the forces of the school, family and the public, but also by a number of anthropological sciences: psychology, pedagogy, ethics, sociology, jurisprudence, etc. It was determined that in this area, the socio-anthropological approach assumes the systematic use of data from all human sciences and their consideration in the organization and implementation of the educational process. It is highlighted that the socio-economic, cultural and spiritual revival of Ukraine, the reformation of society is directly related to education and, in particular, the educational process. Especially in the technologies of teaching and education, the «model of subject-subject interaction» becomes a priority, and this, in turn, requires a new pedagogy. Attention is focused on the new pedagogy, which is formed on the principles of humanization and democratization in the conditions of the revival of national culture, the formation of a market economy. In particular, on the new pedagogy, which is created precisely when innovative ideas are introduced into the pedagogical processes, which are based on the domestic, taking into account the socio-anthropological ideas of education and personality training of the second half of the 19th century. It has been established that at the current stage of reforming society, high demands are placed on the education system, there is an urgent need not only for thorough professional training of young people, but also for the expansion of worldview, modern professional thinking, high education, and individual awareness of the importance of universal human values. In the process of getting an education, a person becomes familiar with the fact that the principle of priority of universal values is embedded in the strategy and tactics of reforming the education system. The new hierarchy of values, in which the universal is in the first place, is a methodological idea embedded in national laws, concepts, and programs in the field of upbringing and education. It is proved that the development of socio-anthropological ideas of education and personality training in the second half of the 19th century - 1917 became one of the ways of humanizing education and training, rooting personality-oriented learning; made it possible to define educational functions in a new way as creative and humanistic, which make it possible to prepare young people to change the existing reality and create a better one, which would embody humanistic values to a greater extent.
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