- Кобильченко, В.В. (orcid.org/0000-0002-7717-5090) and Омельченко, Ірина Миколаївна (orcid.org/0000-0003-2021-7453) (2020) Subject and interdisciplinary links of special psychology in the light of modern methodologies Освіта осіб з особливими потребами: шляхи розбудови (17). pp. 94-109. ISSN 2313-4011
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Abstract
The purpose of the article is to clarify the subject of special psychology in the light of modern methodologists. Theoretical methods were used: logical-semantic and structural-logical methods to determine the subject of special psychology, its interdisciplinary links and categorical apparatus. Special psychology, studying the patterns of atypical development, allows to more fully and accurately determine the patterns and norms of functioning and development of the child's psyche, which indicates a two-way relationship between special psychology and other areas of psychological knowledge. One of the main tasks solved by special psychology is the task of socialization of a child with abnormalities in psychophysical development in society. This makes the connection between special psychology and social psychology more and more relevant. Within the framework of special psychology, an attempt is made to compare different parameters of pathogenic conditions with different aspects of the violation of the process of psychosocial development. If the psychology of development investigates what this process is, then special psychology answers the question of how development can occur in other (unfavorable) conditions, which greatly expands our understanding of ontogenesis and dysontogenesis. Until recently, in empirical research in the field of special psychology, priority was given to the study of the peculiarities of the psyche, and the holistic development, formation and formation of a person with certain psychophysical disorders were largely ignored. Adverse factors alone are not always fatal to personality development.Ultimately, much will be determined by a combination of various subjective characteristics of the individual that mediate their influence. That is why adverse factors for different people can have different consequences. An unfavorable situation becomes pathogenic, able to provoke certain deviations in development, if the force of its influence exceeds the adaptive potential of the individual and steadily changes the characteristics of its actual functioning, which ultimately changes the pace of its age development, slowing it down. It is established that deprivation can be considered as the global psychological root cause of personality deformation, which limits or deprives the individual of the satisfaction of a particular urgent need, which serves as a source of its activity and development. It is proved that the subject of special psychology, as an independent scientific field, should be the psychology of deprived children and adults, in particular their personal potential, which is a source of positive personal changes even in long-term multifactorial deprivation of basic personal needs.
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