- Квітка, Н.О. (orcid.org/0000-0002-8885-1883) (2016) The formation of music perception of students with mental retardation at junior school by means of folklore. Dissertation candidate2 thesis, Інституті спеціальної педагогіки.
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Abstract
This dissertation thesis presents the results of foreign and domestic psychological and educational researches analysis of problem music perception of students with development delay at primary school. This analysis showed that the formation of music perception is the basis of the formation of the musical culture of the individual. It is very important to younger students with special educational needs, because music is deeply democratic art and performs developmental, educational functions of emotional and cognitive sphere of pupils. Folklore is the means of spiritual influence and national-patriotic education of children. This face is especially important for problems solving in the practice of educational institutions for children with development delay. In this dissertation thesis the features of music perception of students with development delay at primary school were revealed. In particular the quality of knowledge and understanding music image of a folk song of students were defined. It is difficult to understand, arrange and generalise the knowledge about folk music for students. They have significant difficulties regarding the understanding music image of the Ukrainian folk song. The students showed a shallow and unstable interest and a low emotional response. The adequacy of assessment depended on their experience and motivation. Students showed sufficient activity in the process of musical activities, but level of their autonomy and creativity was low. There were defined four levels of a formation of music perception of students at primary school with development delay on the material of folklore. It was founded that without purposeful musical-aesthetic education and pedagogical management of music activities students show the sufficient or the average level. Along this there were detected the positive age dynamic of development of music perception, but the manifestation of it was expressionless, because, in our opinion, it was ineffective pedagogical management of music activities of students. This experimental search allowed us to determine the pedagogical conditions providing efficiency of formation process of music perception of children with development delay: a step-by-step educational process; increasing the motivation of cognitive activity and conscious assimilation of knowledge and mastery of the performing skills in musical activities; special pedagogical management of cognitive activity of students of primary school with development delay; the improvement of knowledge of teachers, subject teachers and parents of children and their families about folklore. The essence of the developed methods is in the gradual formation of music perception of children with development delay, using the leading educational, correctional objectives of each stage of the meaningful features of the work, special methods of activation, ordering, organizing, direction, reinforcement of cognitive activity, challenge and consolidate them in adequate emotional and perceptual reactions, motivated, self-assessments, development of activity, independence and creativity. In particular, it is proved the possibility of mastering by children with development delay knowledge, abilities and skills of musical folklore in order to understand musical image and the ability to reproduce in practical musical activities. This paper presents the selection criteria of folk music for learning with students with development delay, namely: according to the age and psychological peculiarities of the perception of children; the musical value, expressed in emotional appeal and clear sound communication of musical expression; the educational value of folk music, which is reflected in the possibility of attainment of the pupils it meaningful and constructive side; presence the ability to compare folk music with other music or personal life experience of the student, establishing analogies and associations. This research of the proposed proprietary technology of formation of musıc perceptıon of students with development delay in the second, third and fourth grades of primary school proved its validity and remedial and developmental efficiency to influence on the development of children’s music image understanding of the Ukrainian folk song, adequate emotional-personal attitude and ability to reproduce in practical musical activities. Thus, in particular, after a three-year formative experiment an indication of the high level of development of music perception of different genres of folk music of the students in the experimental group significantly exceeded the corresponding result of the students of the control group. It means that there are qualitative changes of music perception of students with mental retardation at primary school, e.g.: enrichment of the emotional-perceptual experience; increasing knowledge and understanding of the folk songs; the increase of activity and independence of students in the process of perception and performance of folk music.
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