The role of zemstvos in the creation of public schools in Podillya at the beginning of the 20th century

- Біницька, Олена Петрівна (orcid.org/0000-0001-8746-3515), Карпенко, О. В. (orcid.org/0000-0003-1841-882X) and Загородня, Алла Анатоліївна (orcid.org/0000-0003-2418-1670) (2024) The role of zemstvos in the creation of public schools in Podillya at the beginning of the 20th century Акутальні питання в сучасній науці, 11 (29). pp. 774-784. ISSN 2786-6300

Text Актуальні питання 11(29)2 (1)-775-784.pdf Download (1MB)

Abstract

The article examines the critical role of the zemstvos (local self-government institutions) in developing public education in the Podillia region at the beginning of the 20th century, particularly focusing on the establishment of zemstvo institutions, their approach to expanding the school network, and their response to the educational needs of the community. Based on archival sources, the study highlights the expansion and intensification of zemstvo activities in education, including a significant increase in the number of educational institutions and substantial growth in the financing of educational projects in Podillia at the start of the 20th century. It is emphasized that the zemstvos, formed through the 1864 reforms, played a significant role in modernizing society, improving educational access, and raising literacy levels among the rural population. However, the Russian authorities' concerns about the political influence of the Polish nobility delayed the establishment of zemstvos in Podillia, hindering the development of primary education in the region. Following the implementation of an empire-wide program to support school education, zemstvos gradually assumed responsibility for funding schools, compensating teachers, and building school infrastructure. Between 1904 and 1910, zemstvo contributions to educational development significantly increased, particularly in establishing “school networks” that outlined the required number of schools and teachers in each district. Priority was given to constructing two-class schools with modern facilities, providing better preparation for students. The article also discusses the financial challenges faced by the zemstvos, as funding for education remained limited, and many children were still unable to attend school. The achievements of the zemstvos, especially in implementing extracurricular education programs such as establishing libraries and organizing public readings, are underscored. The study concludes that zemstvo activities contributed to the cultural and educational development of the Podillia population, raising literacy levels and broadening access to knowledge. The zemstvos also focused on teacher training and professional development, which positively impacted the quality of education in Podillia during the analyzed period. However, the article notes persistent challenges in creating public schools, such as insufficient funding and resources, which prevented the zemstvos from fully addressing educational accessibility.

Item Type:	Article
Keywords:	Podillia, zemstvo institutions, public education, school network
Subjects:	Science and knowledge. Organization. Computer science. Information. Documentation. Librarianship. Institutions. Publications > 1 Philosophy. Psychology Science and knowledge. Organization. Computer science. Information. Documentation. Librarianship. Institutions. Publications > 9 Geography. Biography. History > 93/94 History
Divisions:	Institute of Pedagogics > Department of History and Philosophy of Education
Depositing User:	Професор Алла Анатоліївна Загородня
Date Deposited:	29 Nov 2024 00:55
Last Modified:	29 Nov 2024 00:55
URI:	https://lib.iitta.gov.ua/id/eprint/743243

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