The influence of the type of attachment on the formation of stress resistance in teenagers

- Тарасова, Валерія Валеріївна (orcid.org/0000-0003-2550-5526) (2023) The influence of the type of attachment on the formation of stress resistance in teenagers Masters thesis, Інститут психології ім. Г. С. Костюка.

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Abstract

Tarasova V. V. The influence of the type of attachment on the formation of stress resistance of adolescents. Manuscript. – Qualifying scientific work on manuscript rights. Dissertation for PhD degreespecialty 053 – Psychology (pedagogical and age psychology. – H. S. Kostiuk Institute of Psychology of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 2023. The dissertation research was carried out within the framework of complex research topics "Technologies of psychotherapeutic assistance to victims in overcoming manifestations of post-traumatic stress disorder" (state registration number 0118U003096) and "Application of psychotherapeutic technologies in providing assistance to victims with manifestations of post-traumatic stress disorder" (state registration number 0121U107535) of the laboratory of counseling psychology and psychotherapy of the Institute of Psychology named after H.S. Kostyuk of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The dissertation is an independent, integral and complete study, which presents the theoretical and practical aspects of attachment type influence on stress resistance development in adolescents. The work presents significant contributions to the development of domestic psychology through new, scientifically-based theoretical and practical findings. The research results allow for the following conclusions to be drawn. The dissertation examines the theoretical basis and experimental research on outlining the key approaches to psychocorrective therapy for teenagers aimed at enhancing their stress management abilities. Based on theoretical analysis, stress resistance is determined to be a multifaceted and individualistic psychological phenomenon. Its content involves the specific interrelationship between different-level properties of individuality during adolescence, resulting from the organism's reorganization, transformation of relationships with adults and peers, mastering new ways social interaction, comprehending ethical and moral norms, and the development of self-awareness, interests, cognitive, and educational activities. Based on the general concept of "stress resistance," research has shown that examining the impact of attachment styles on the stress resistance, autonomy, and self-confidence of adolescents can contribute to their successful socialization and preservation of mental health. Such findings lead to optimal interaction between adolescents and their environment, regardless of the various living conditions experienced. It has been proven that during adolescence there is an active restructuring of adolescents' relationships with adults and parents, which is related to their desire for independence and self-affirmation. The concept of the characteristic features of stress-resistant teenagers has been expanded: stable perception of one's own «I», awareness of personal individuality and its properties, tendency to self-observation, comparison of personal characteristics and forms of behavior with certain norms in a positive way, while reducing the devaluation of oneself and one's conditions. It is specified that the changes caused by the physical and functional state of the adolescent lead to increased emotionality and sensitivity, which are poorly controlled. It was discovered that adolescence is the most sensitive for the development of stress resistance, but at the same time this process requires the development of a comprehensive system of research that would demonstrate the superiority of excitation processes over inhibition, which require involvement and provide for active forms of coping with stress and form mechanisms of stress resistance in children adolescence. For the first time, the relationship between the type of early childhood attachment and the level of stress resistance in adolescents was considered. Note that the need for attachment exists together with the development of autonomy; the need for autonomy complements it. Moreover, reliable attachment is the basis for the development of autonomy, independence, and the ability to rely on oneself. The basis of attachment security lies in the ability of individuals to trust others. Given that attachment types affect children's personality development, children with a reliable attachment type are more independent, communicative, active in exploring the world, have high self-esteem, are confident in the reliability of their parents, and are willing to help others. Children with an insecure type of attachment are often dependent on their parents, it is difficult for them to establish contacts, they are anxious, and have a tendency to lower self-esteem. Of course, all of these factors impact the efficacy of early childhood socialization in terms of adapting to new environments. Children with a reliable type of attachment adapt more easily to new social conditions, in particular, in the period of 2-3 years they get sick much less often, and they are distinguished by ease of contact with other children and adults, initiative, activity, and a favorable emotional background. During adolescence, it is evident that a dependable form of attachment affects the ability to adapt to stressful circumstances and respond positively to stressors. A secure type of attachment has been shown to facilitate understanding, reduce stress, influence joint regulation, self-esteem, and agency, forming the basis for long-term and more flexible resilience strategies in adolescence. A system of psychological technologies for the formation of stress resistance in adolescents has been developed, as well as social and psychological assistance to adolescents in difficult life situations that are stressful in nature. Psycho-prophylactic measures based on modern methods of psychological correction of stress in teenagers have been developed. Psychodynamic techniques were first used and worked on to increase stress resistance in teenagers by correcting the type of attachment and processing early childhood traumatic experiences. Further scientific study is required to develop a new conceptual approach in working with teenagers facing challenging life circumstances such as forced emigration and loss of parents. The collected data can assist psychologists in pinpointing necessary adjustments to personal traits, facilitating the systematization of selecting effective coping mechanisms to enhance teenagers' resilience in diverse crisis scenarios.

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