Scientifi c characterology by Olexandr Lazursky as a contribution to the pupil’s characterization methodology

- Міхно, Олександр Петрович (orcid.org/0000-0002-5271-9530) (2019) Scientifi c characterology by Olexandr Lazursky as a contribution to the pupil’s characterization methodology Рідна школа, 1. pp. 53-60. ISSN 0131-6788

Text Міхно_2019_Наукова характерологія Олександра Лазурського як внесок у методику складання характеристики учня.pdf Download (1MB)

Abstract

The article analyzes the views of a psychologist,one of the founders characterology, Ukrainian-born Olexandr Lazursky (1874–1917) on the study of the pupil and the compilation of his character reference (profile). The author examines the scientist’s approach to the study of a pupil in connection with his doctrine of personality, its endopsychic and exopsychic peculiarities, also taking into consideration the program of the study of personality developed in cooperation with S. Frank. The attention is focused on the diff erences of the term “a pupil’s character reference” in modern interpretation (a document drawn up by the head teacher of the form and refl ecting the behavior and achievement of pupils in certain subjects, their extracurricular and social activities, interests, and inclinations, physical and mental development, discipline and moral traits) and in A. Lazursky’s understanding (lengthy texts written by academic psychologists in the result of the psychological study of the pupil according to the suggested special methods). Methodological recommendations suggested by the scientist and requirements to the content of the character reference (profi le) are presented: viability, compilation according to the program, objectivity, completeness. Practical-pedagogical orientation of the character references compiled by A. Lazursky, which contain brightly defined types of children, samples of systematic records of observations and psychological analysis of various demonstrations of schoolchildren’s behavior, has been proved. The methodical recommendations of the scientist concerning methods of study of the pupil (objective, systematic, long-term observation and natural experiment) and drafting the text of the character reference are revealed. Examples of “Lazursky’s stars” — a graphic presentation of personality traits in the form of a more or less correct or incorrect star. It is substantiated that O. Lazursky’s methodical advice has not lost its relevance and can be used by modern teaching staff in the process of studying the pupil and drawing up his character reference (profile).

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