Development of voice function in children with tempo-rhythmic speech disorders

- Рібцун, Юлія Валентинівна (orcid.org/0000-0002-2672-3704) (2023) Development of voice function in children with tempo-rhythmic speech disorders Наукові інновації та передові технології (Серія «Державне управління», Серія «Право», Серія «Економіка», Серія «Психологія», Серія «Педагогіка»), 1 (15). pp. 422-432. ISSN 2786-5274

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Abstract

The article reveals the anatomical features of voice formation; it is indicated that the source of the sound of the human voice is the larynx with the vocal cords. The author reveals the periods of development of a child's voice. Phonation by children of preschool age (up to 6-7 years old) occurs due to the marginal tension of the vocal folds. They are caused by weakness of the laryngeal muscles. In the period before the mutation (from 6-7 to 13 years), in parallel with the anatomical increase in the organs of voice formation, the development of the receptor apparatus of the larynx is completed. By the age of 12, in terms of location and morphological structure, it becomes similar to the receptor apparatus of an adult. If some coordinating relationships between the tension of the vocal cords and air pressure are violated, the voice may lose its strength, sonority, and change timbre. Stuttering is a speech disorder that is accompanied by frequent repetition or prolongation of sounds, syllables, words, convulsive stutters that interrupt the fluency of speech. Stutterers are characterized by excessive impressionability, timidity, shyness in the presence of other people. They often have fear of speech, psychological, speech, motor tricks. Such manifestations have a negative impact on the quality of speech, including the state of voice function. That is why the article focuses on voice disorders in children with stuttering. These disorders are not accompanied by inflammatory or certain anatomical changes in the larynx. In addition to vocal convulsions, including joint and vocal, trembling laryngeal spasm, phonasthenia and dysphonia are recorded in children with stuttering. Restoration and development of the voice function occurs by attracting the compensatory capabilities of the body, activating the neuromuscular apparatus of the larynx, preventing the manifestation of secondary disorders of the vocal apparatus, psycho-correctional impact on the personality of a stutterer, and restoring disturbed kinesthesias of voice leading. The author identifies the main areas of work on the development of the voice function in children with stuttering, namely: psycho-correctional influence, the development of a conscious assessment of the quality of the heard voice, its emotional orientation, the formation and development of auditory perception, attention, memory and auditory control. In addition, they are used the improvement of articulatory-resonator systems, carrying out vibratory and hygienic self-massage of the face and neck, silent articulation gymnastics, developing smooth and clear diction, performing static, dynamic respiratory activating rhythmic, relaxation, phonation breathing exercises, expanding the sound range. All of the above indicates the relevance of timely diagnosis and development of methods for the development of voice function in children with tempo-rhythmic speech disorders.

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