The place of rroblem in the intellectual activity

- Смульсон, Марина Лазарівна (orcid.org/0000-0002-9563-3390) (2017) The place of rroblem in the intellectual activity Педагогіка і психологія. Вісник НАПН України, 2 (95). pp. 40-48. ISSN 2304-0629

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Abstract

The article is dedicated to the memory of Georgy A. Ball, Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine, Doctor of Psychological Sciences, Professor. It highlights the theoretical and methodological approaches of G.O. Ball to the definition of the concept "problem" and the process of its solution, and also shows the place of the problem in the structure of intellectual activity, in particular, analizes such a metacognitive component as a substantive statement of the problem, or, an intellectual initiation. In the “problem approach to the activity” proposed by G.O. Ball, the subject's activity is presented as a system of problem-solving processes, and this concerns not only normative but also creative components of the activity. To start intellectual processes, you need a problem situation that the subject feels, sees, transforms into a problem and begins to work on it, to solve it. This process, which we called "intellectual initiation," corresponds to a substantive statement of the problem. The situation of substantive statement of a problem is most effective in terms of self-education and, accordingly, intellectual self-development. The modern process of preparing for intellectual activity presupposes the restructuring of the system of educational problems towards their approach to the real, the high level of independence and subject activity of the student, the rejection of a rigid attitude to error-free activity, a special work to develop intellectual metacognitions.

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