Psychological and pedagogical support for the development of basic characteristics of the abilities of the child

- Біла, І.М. (orcid.org/0000-0003-2388-0306) (2017) Psychological and pedagogical support for the development of basic characteristics of the abilities of the child Педагогічна освіта: теорія і практика, 2 (23). pp. 50-57. ISSN 2309-9763

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Abstract

The article presents the analyze for research of abilities, patterns of abilities development. Considered component composition skills, types of skills, features of their appearance and condition of ontogenesis. Also presented the model of ability that demonstrates component, integrated combination of motivational-volitional, it's value, cognitive-creative and operationally-active component and take into account patterns of personality development of children, providing maintenance, support the formation of their talents. The model reflects the dynamic nature of abilities, their multidimensionality and stresses the importance of basic abilities – mental and physiological. Abilities are considered from the perspective of both individual features of personality. The determining factor of ability during childhood is learning education – organized support of personal development. The key to effective development capabilities are the conditions of social interaction and availability of developmental environment for the child. The proposed model defines the criteria for diagnostic abilities of children and landmarks of genesis of their development. The most effective diagnostic methods in early childhood is the observation of the child in various activities, especially monitoring the gaming process of the child, record everyday observations, analyze the results of productive activities. The method of peer review based on for basic characteristics abilities, which we developed on the basic of our model (modification of the scale of J. Renzulli), questionnaires drawn up so as to gather as much of information about the child as possible, its individual psychological characteristics of development. Studying the abilities of children, it is appropriate to rely on the principle of humanity, individuality, optimistic forecasting of the development in relation to each child and provide a favorable environment for the cognitive activity of the child's interests, its preferences and talents. The prospect of further research is finding an objective diagnostic tools for research of children's abilities, taking into account all of content and structural characteristics of their development during childhood and determine the future direction of their support in the educational process.

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